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The meaning of the word ‘SAM’, is equality, pacification, and completion of the Subjec. It is formed by the combination of two Roots – ‘Shodantkarmani’ and ‘Sam Santave’ – "Santave Samprayoge" (Kshirtardini 10-183, and 4-37 Dhatu). This is supposed to be the Progressive "UPASANA KAND", next to "DNAN KARMA", in life.

The "Kauthum Shakha" of SAMVEDA, is available, and in vogue, at present. It contains 1875 Chants. About 1800 of its Mantras, are available in RIGVEDA, and 258 chants, are available in other Vedas also. Thus, the balance 75 chants are available only in SAMVEDA. If 25 more chants of different Versions, are added to this figure, the total becomes 100.

In 1943 A.D., when I (the original writer) had published "VED – JYOTI", from Varanasi, and in the picture, while listing the names of 4 Vedas, I had mentioned RIGVEDA at the top, Mr. SATAVLEKAR, sent me a letter, stating that SAMVEDA is the first, and not RIGVEDA. Lord KRISHNA has stated in Geeta "Vedatam Samvedoham". According to that, SAM VEDA is the origin, and about 1800 of its Chants, are available in other Vedas. Presently, Mr. S. B. GANPATI (Madras), also has written, that these Mantras from SAMVEDA only, have been grasped, and quoted elsewhere.

In this article the principles are described on the basis of, almost the same Chants of SAMVEDA, and 1 or 2 Mantras, have been quoted as examples, of those principles.

(1) AGNI TATVA -

AGNI has many different meanings – GOD, FIRE, HEAT of the Body, Biles, Fire of the stomach, Leader, Scholar etc.. 327 Chants are related to it. Only the first Mantra, out of 1875 chants of SAMVEDA, is related to AGNI.
(1) "Agnaha – Barhishi" / (2) "Agnihi – Virajati" / 1710// U. 8-2-19-3.
(3) "Agni ----- Vijayate" // 1825 // U. 9-2-4-1 //
(4) "Agni ----- Suryaha " // 1831 // 9-2-8-1 //
(5) "Agne ----- Drushe " // 10 // PU. 1-1-1-10 //

(2) INDRA TATVA (648 mantras) –
In Vedas, the chants relating to ‘INDRA’, are the topmost, in number. INDRA also has different meanings. – God, Soul, King, Commander, Merchant, SUN, Air, Electricity, Lord, etc.

In RIGVEDA, it has occurred 14 times, (More than anywhere else), and once only, in ATHARV. The following mantras are available in SAM VEDA also. –(6) "Shutam ----- Dhanani" // 326 // PU. 4-1-72.
(2) In this battle, let us call Lord INDRA, for our protection, as he is the great Leader, fierce, and can kill the enemy, (like Vrutrasur), and conquer the Wealths (Mahamnayarchik).
The first Mantras of RIGV. "Agnimide" (Chant 605 of SAMVEDA) represents ‘AGNI TATVA’. Philosophically, AGNI and INDRA, are Deities, and INDRA is God, Soul, Mind, and Life.
Let us view, some more Chants –
(7) "Indro ----- Rajati" / PU. 5-2-2-10)
(8) "Indra ----- Sakha" / (PU. 3-1-1-4).
(9) "Indra ----- Dwishaha" / (Mahanamanyarchik – 7)
(10) "Ewahindra ------" / (Mahanamanyarchik – 10)

There are 352 Mantras, in SAMVEDA INDRA KAND (PURVARCHIC). The greatness of INDRA, is described, in MAHANAMYARCHIK also. INDRA here is God, Soul, Mind, and Life. INDRA is the chief PRAN, in five vital Airs of the Body.
(3) SAVITA (29 Chants).

In different meanings, Philosophically, it means God, Wisdom.
(11) "Amityam ......... Swaha" // 464 // U. 5-2-3-8 //
(12) SAVITRI MANTRA – Tatsaviturvarenyam / 1462 / U. 6-3-10-*1)
(4) ASHWI (31 Mantras)
This always comes in the form of ASHWINO, in both the eyes. According to Philosophy, it is Mind, Intelligence, Knowledge - the organs of action. It is ‘PRAN’ and ‘APAN’, contained in the body. SAVITA (Jiwatma) has two arms.
(13) "Ima ......... Gachhathaha" / 304; 753 / (PU. 4-1-2-2) (U. 12-1-5-1)

The citizens pray two strengthy ‘ASHWI’. They destroy non-intelligence, just like the RAYS. I pray to them. Every ascetic can get both these.
(5) USHA (CHETANA) (125 Chants).
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(14) "Aditi ........ Diwi" // 20 // (PU. 1-1-3-10).
The devotee views the lustrous sensation, the origin of eternal World, just bright like the Day, which shines in excellent heaven (Head),
(15) "Sumanma ...... Sutari" // 1654 //. (U. 8-1-14-1)
‘USHA’ is the sensation, having deliberation, and which bestows Wealth in the form of devotion, and is elegant.
(6) ADITI (62 Mantras).
This principle represents the unending source of SARASWATI (Knowledge). It is the protector, like the mother, father, son, and, it is necessary for all the persons.
(16) "Pretu ..........Naha" / 56 ; PU. 1-2-1-2 //
The Lord of Knowledge, bestows us the truth-loving, Saraswati Speech, which can become available to the brave person; and he bestows also, the organs that can perform Sacrifice (YAGNA).
(7) Kriyashilata (12 Mantras).
(17) "Apami ......... Ahansaha" // 397 ; PU. 5-1-1-7 //
O ‘Aditya, (Scholars; 12 months) kindly, keep us active, and free from diseases, weakness, mis-conduct, wicked thoughts, and Sin.

(8) SOM (Prerak Man) (287 Mantras).
‘SOM’ has different meanings – God, Medicine, Indra etc. According to Philosophy, the SOM principle represents, the "Impulsive or Instigator Mind.
(18) "Somaha ........ Rathyorhita" // 154 ; PU. 2-2-1-10 //
‘SOM’, ‘POOSHA’ (the Sun), and ‘SOUL’ create activity, in all the persons on the Earth, and protect the divine virtues. These Lords of the Body-chariot, are beneficial for life.
(19) "Ime .......... Prabhuvasteha" / 2 / 2 PU. 3-1-2-9 //
O’, SOUL, this SOM (Calmness of Mind), has been created for you. It will remain in future also. You be strong, making its use.

(20) "Ime ......... Girvanaha" // 294 ; PU. 4-1-1-2
O’ Soul, this SOM (Strengths of Mind) is useful for you, according to Vedas. Enjoy the (BHAKTI – RAS) devotion, and listen to our Speech, and give us the strength, for hymns of Vedas.
(9) MITRA (Vishvedevaha) Mashtishk (53 Mantras).
(10) Varun Varniy Niwarak Baham Sansar (8 Mantras).

These two, MITRA and VARUN, are Oxygen – Hydrogen, and Electron – Proton principles.

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(21) "Urjo ...... Indraha" / 455; PU. 2-2-9).
‘MITRA’ and ‘VARUN’, strengthen the organs, by supplying the energy, and fulfill big ambitions.
(22) "Ruju ......... Sajoshaha" / 218; PU. 3-1-3-7 /
‘MITRA’ and ‘VARUN’ should lead us, on the straight path of truth, justice, love, and make us the Learned Scholars.
(23) "Aa ........ Sukratu" / 220; PU. 3-1-3-7) /
The pious MITRA and VARUN, should sprinkle our organs, with Light and Lustre, and should spread pleasant light, on all the persons.
(11) JEEWAN (Jeevan Shakti Tatwa) (72 Mantras).
(24) "Amisham ........ Sachantam" / 1861-30-9-3-5-1)
O’, Apwa (Nirodhak Jivati Pranshakti, destroy the activity of demonish emotions, fasten the organs of passion, make aggression on them, drive them off, and burn the passionate emotions in the Heart, with grief. Let us be free from enemy, in the form of darkness. There is also the description, of the Weapon, having this ‘Apwa Shakti’.
(12) Rut (Satya) (10 Mantras).
(25) "Rute ....... Hube" / 794 ; U. 2-1-7-2 /
I invite respectfully, MITRA and VARUN, who increase the truth, and are Lords of true JYOTI.
(26) "Ruten ...... Bruhantmashaye" / 848 ; U. 2-2-6-2).
MITRA and VARUN progress with truth, touch the truth, and have to carry out, many governing duties.
(27) "Rmruten ........ Vadheti" / 1466; 30.6.3.11.2)
MITRA and VARUN, increase the truth with more truth, and increase the undesired strength, without having any malice, or hatred.
(28) "Rutawan ....... Bhimahe" / 1708 (U. 8-2-19-1).
We should get hold of undecaying, eternal Radiant Supreme (GOD)., who follows truth, and is the Lord of Satya Jyoti, and is beneficial to all men and women.

(13) Dev (Marut) [Divya Vichar] (36 Mantras).

(29) "Ewa ......... Mahanaha" / 10. 650 / ).
The Divine thoughts are undoubtedly, beneficial.
(30) "Arch ....... Indraha" /
The God MARUT (thought), is the instrument of best worship. INDRA (SOUL), listens to that thought, and praises that impulsive activity.

(14) Twashta [Suryashakti = Buddhi] (1 Mantra).
(31) "Atrah ..... Gruhe" / 147 ; PU. 1-1-6-3).
The same Twashta Surya, the Ray of Knowledge, is considered differently, in the house of MOON (MIND).
(15) Apaha [Vyapak Buddhi; Jalkanaha Virya] (3 Mantras).
(32) "Apo...... Chakshase" / 1837 ; 1.2.10.1).
(33) "Yo Waha ...... Mataraha" // 1838 // 30.9.2.10.2)
(34) "Tasma ...... Cha Naha" / 1836 / (30.9.2.10.3)
‘Apaha’, the store of intelligence, holding the Water and Cough principles, give the pleasure and strength, and just like the mother, it sht most beneficiary, and creator of joy and sight.
(35) "Sahashmaha ........ Ihast" / 626 / (PU. 6-3-4-12).
This store of Knowledge, exists in different forms. Let us grasp it easily, without dificulty.
(16) Vrutta (8 Mantras)
(36) "Vrutrashya ......... Jayasi" / 324 / (PU. 3-1-4-2).
Boasting, and hypocracy (Sin) in also one principle, that screens and encircles, knowledge. This is Vrutt. O’ Soul, all the thoughts are running away, similar to the hissing of the Serpent, (Vrutrasarpa). They are separating you. Make friendship with ‘MARUT’, and conquer all these armies.
(38) "Vi ....... Dasataha" / 1867 / (30.9.3.7.1). O’ Soul, you can kill this Vrutra. Destroy our Demonish, Rajas and Tamas elements. Destroy the two shackles of VRUTRA, that impede our physical and mental strength. Destroy the austerity of the enemy, who wishes to make us slaves.
(39) "Prabho ........Adwayuhu" / 659 ; MAHANA. 9)
O’ Lord, capable of destroying ‘VRUTRA’ of the people, we two of the persons, bow down to you. The bold one, who has occupied our organs, that friend is superior, and pleasure giving.
(40) "Prav .......Jujoshate" / 446 PU. 5.2.6.10 / (1113 U. 4.1.24.1).
O’ Worshippers, sing the songs of SAMGAN, relating to BHAKTI of Lord INDRA, (who killed VRUTRASUR), which he likes, and accepts also.
(17) Wak Tatwa (12 Mantras)

(41) Vistrau .............Kanikradat" / 471 //
If one recites 3 speeches (Prose, Poetry, Song, Aa,Uu, Ma), the GOD becomes visible, just as the Cow bellows on seeing the calf.
(42) "Utraje ....... Jagat" / 1829 ; (U. 9-2-7-2).

In my speech, I make use of ‘SHATPADI’ (100 Verses), and sing it, in thousands of ‘RAGAS’ (Rag), and they are composed, in ‘GAYATRI’, ‘TRISHTUP’, ‘JAGATI’ metres.

(45) "Nam .........Shatpadim" / 828 (309.2.7.1)
I will associate my old friends, and those sitting with me, at present, with my ‘SHATPADI’ songs.
(18) Wat [Wayu, Wat Tadi Mandal] (3 Mantras).
(44) "Wat Aa-Tarishat" / (45) "Ut Wat ...... Krudhi" / (46) "Rudo .......Jivase" /
(1840; 1241; 1242) (PU. 2.2.4.10 – U. 9.2.111.3).
The AIR is our medicine. VAYU is beneficial for our Head, and Heart, and prolongs our life. The air is our father, brother, and friend. The AIR is created for our life. O’, Air your cave is filled with Nectar. Make it useful for our life.
(19) Dhyawa Prithivi [Shir-Sharir] (38 Mantras).
(47) "Anye ....... Mutryantamamhasaha" / 622 (PU. 6-3-4-8).
"Dhyawa Pruthivi", (which are the Head and Trunk of the Body) give us good food, and they are pleasant. They should avert us from SINS.
(48) "Vasant ...... Rantyaha" / 616 (PU. 6-3-4-2).
(21) Disha (51 Mantras).
(49) "Vida-Dishaha" / / (MAHANA.1)
(22) Brahma (Dnyan).
(50) "Brahma .......Viwaha" // (6.11.93).